5G PDCP Deep Dive: Split Bearers & Retransmission Explained (Video)
In this video, we explore two essential 5G PDCP functions:
- Split bearers and routing in EN-DC setups.
- PDCP-layer retransmission.
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5G HARQ Explained: Soft Combining, HARQ Processes, ACK/NACK Timing, Codebook Types, Spatial Bundling, and 4G vs 5G Differences (Article)
Introduction * HARQ is one of the most important reliability mechanisms in the 5G MAC layer. It directly affects retransmission speed, uplink control overhead, latency, and overall scheduling efficiency. * In simple words, HARQ gives 5G a fast retransmission loop. It helps recover transmission errors much faster than higher-layer recovery, which is
5G SSB Explained: Cell Search, Frequency Positioning, Beam Sweeping, and Overhead - Article
Introduction The Synchronization Signal Block, or SSB, is one of the first NR signals a UE must detect before it can access a 5G cell. It is the entry point for synchronization, cell identification, essential broadcast information, and beam-based initial access. If the UE cannot find and decode SSB correctly,
5G Massive MIMO Fundamentals: Passive vs Active Antenna, MIMO Gains, and Antenna Specifications and Structure - Article
Introduction 5G Massive MIMO is one of the most important topics to understand before going deeper into NR beamforming, beam management, CSI-RS, SRS, layers, ports, and MU-MIMO. This article explains why Massive MIMO is different from traditional MIMO, how the antenna structure changes, where the main gains come from, and
LTE Foundation, PLMN, MIB/SIB1, Cell Selection & Reselection | 4G E2E Signaling Session 1 (Video)
Hi All, Session 1 of the 4G E2E Signaling Course is now available on YouTube. In this session, we build the essential LTE foundation concepts needed before going into detailed end-to-end signaling procedures such as attach, bearer setup, handover, and service request. This video explains how the UE in LTE/