Overview The Random Access procedure can be initiated in different situations depending on whether the network already knows the UE and whether dedicated resources can be assigned. Random Access Channel, or RACH, is used whenever the UE needs to establish or recover uplink synchronization with the network. In 5G, Random
Introduction After the UE completes system information acquisition, the next step is to determine whether the detected cell is suitable for camping. This process is called cell selection. During cell selection, the UE checks the available LTE cells and evaluates whether a cell satisfies the required coverage, quality, and access
Introduction When PDCCH utilization becomes high, the first question should not immediately be: Which PDCCH optimization feature should I enable? A better starting point is to understand what the PDCCH resources are actually being used for. PDCCH is involved in different procedures such as SIB1 transmission, Other System Information, Random
During SgNB Addition, there are three important timers that can directly affect the SgNB Addition Success Rate. The figure below shows where each timer starts and stops within the call flow. SgNB Addition Call Flow and Related Timers After the B1 Measurement Report is received, the MeNB starts the SgNB
* My 5G RAN Performance & Optimization course is now officially published on Udemy! After a long journey of recording, reviewing, restructuring, and creating the material, I’m very happy to finally share it. * The course includes 35+ hours divided into 333 lectures of training covering both 5G SA and NSA,
Introduction SRS-based beamforming is one of the most important topics to understand after learning the basics of 5G beamforming, SSB, CSI-RS, and codebook-based operation. In practical terms, this topic explains how the gNB can use uplink SRS sounding to estimate the downlink propagation channel and then generate
In this Session 4 of the 4G End-to-End Signaling Course, we break down LTE RRC states, RRC Idle vs RRC Connected, LTE to 5G state transitions, and the role of ECM and EMM states in the EPC/core network. You will learn how the UE is viewed from
Welcome back to the 4G End-to-End Signaling Free Course – Session 3. In this session, we build the foundation for understanding LTE signaling by explaining the 4G LTE architecture, the role of each major EPC node, and how different network elements communicate with each other. You will learn the
Introduction Downlink beam management is one of the most important parts of 5G Massive MIMO. It is the process used by the network to identify, refine, and maintain the best beam direction for each UE, starting from initial access and continuing during connected mode. Unlike 4G, where beamforming was mainly
In this Full VoLTE E2E Training Course, you will learn how VoLTE works end to end across UE, RAN, EPC, and IMS. This training covers VoLTE overview, traffic model, speech codecs, IMS architecture, VoLTE bearers and protocols, 4G attach flow, IMS registration, SIP signaling, SDP, RTP/RTCP, MO and MT
Welcome to Session 2 of the 4G End-to-End Course. In this video, we break down the LTE Random Access Procedure (RACH) step by step and explain how the UE moves from downlink synchronization to uplink synchronization before starting the connection setup process. This session covers the complete RACH
Introduction In the first Massive MIMO article, we focused on the antenna foundation: passive vs active antenna, antenna structure, antenna elements, and the basic MIMO concepts behind beamforming. First Article: 5G Massive MIMO Fundamentals: Passive vs Active Antenna, MIMO Gains, and Antenna Specifications and Structure This second part moves one
Mohamed ELAdawi
Telecom Expert | 5G & 6G Trainer