I have 14 Years of RF Mobily communication experience in 4G/5G Design, Planning, and Optimization. I have gained international experience by working in 6 Countries with 9 Mobile Operators.
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Introduction * HARQ is one of the most important reliability mechanisms in the 5G MAC layer. It directly affects retransmission speed, uplink control overhead, latency, and overall scheduling efficiency. * In simple words, HARQ gives 5G a fast retransmission loop. It helps recover transmission errors much faster than higher-layer recovery, which is
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Introduction The Synchronization Signal Block, or SSB, is one of the first NR signals a UE must detect before it can access a 5G cell. It is the entry point for synchronization, cell identification, essential broadcast information, and beam-based initial access. If the UE cannot find and decode SSB correctly,
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Introduction 5G Massive MIMO is one of the most important topics to understand before going deeper into NR beamforming, beam management, CSI-RS, SRS, layers, ports, and MU-MIMO. This article explains why Massive MIMO is different from traditional MIMO, how the antenna structure changes, where the main gains come from, and
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Hi All, Session 1 of the 4G E2E Signaling Course is now available on YouTube. In this session, we build the essential LTE foundation concepts needed before going into detailed end-to-end signaling procedures such as attach, bearer setup, handover, and service request. This video explains how the UE in LTE/
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Introduction PDCP is one of the most important layers in the 5G user-plane stack. It sits above RLC/MAC and directly impacts security, header size, packet ordering, and end-to-end latency. In this article, the focus is PDCP deep dive: the PDCP header, PDCP functions, key timers (especially discardTimer and t-Reordering)
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In this Tableau advanced mapping tutorial, you’ll learn how to work with spatial data in Tableau step by step. This session covers the meaning of spatial files, geometry fields, and how to import mapping data such as GeoJSON and shapefiles into Tableau for advanced map analysis. You’ll also
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Introduction * The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer sits between PDCP and MAC in the user-plane stack. * Its job depends on the configured mode: it can add headers, segment/reassemble data, and (in AM) retransmit to recover losses. What you will learn (Scope) This article will cover: * Where RLC fits in
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Sharing Session 5 of my Tableau Training 2026 Free Training in YouTube. In Session 5, you’ll learn everything you need to know about Maps in Tableau (Basics + Intermediate). We’ll go step-by-step to build clean, professional Tableau maps—from fixing common latitude/longitude issues to creating filled maps, point
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Sharing Session 4 of my Tableau Training 2026 playlist 🎥 In this session, we focus on Tableau Dashboards — how to build a clean dashboard, make it interactive, and improve the layout. ✅ In this video you will learn: * Dashboard workspace basics * Tiled vs Floating (when to use each) * Add filters, actions, and
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Introduction In 5G New Radio (NR), Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) plays a critical role in evaluating network performance, coverage, and user experience. Unlike 4G LTE, where SINR was mainly derived from reference signals, 5G introduces multiple SINR types, each designed for a specific purpose. This article provides a simple and structured
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5G Inter-Cell Handover Overview: In this video, we dive deep into 5G NR mobility, specifically focusing on inter-cell handover using Event A3 and Event A5. Learn how the UE performs cell-level measurement reporting using SSB beam parameters like: * 📊 ABS Threshold SSB Blocks * 📈 Number of SSB Blocks to Average * 🔁 RSRP Threshold